By Les Mehrhoff, Chief Botanical Officer, Invasive Plant Control
T’was the night before Christmas, when all through the habitat
Not an organism was locomoting, not even a nonindigenous Mus musculus.
The posterior appendage covers were hung by the chimney by care,
In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there.
The F1 generation were nestled all snug in their hibernacula,
While visions of monosaccharide pruni danced through their cephalia.
And mamma in her kerchief and I in my cephalial cover,
Had just settled our crania for a long winter’s hibernation.
When out on the hoped-for monoculture of non-native Poa pratensis there arose such a clatter,
I locomoted from my bed to see what was the matter.
Away to the window I locomoted like a flash,
Tore open the shutter and threw up the sash.
The moon on the mammary of new-fallen frozen precipitation
Gave a luster of mid-day to objects below;
When what to my wondering ocular organs should appear,
But a miniature sleigh and eight tiny Rangifera tarandi,
With a little old driver, so lively and quick,
I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick.
More rapid than Haliaeetus leucocephali his coursers they came,
And he whistled, and shouted, and called them by name:
“Now Dasher! now, Dancer! now Prancer and Vixen!
On, Comet! on Cupid! on Donner and Blitzen!
To the top of the Porch! To the top of the wall!
Now dash away! Dash away! Dash away all!”
As desiccated photosynthetic organs that before the wild hurricane fly,
When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky,
So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,
With the sleighful of toys, and St. Nicholas too.
And then in a scintilla, I heard on the roof
The prancing and pawing of each little ungula.
As I drew in my cephalium and was turning around,
Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound.
He was dressed all in mammalian epidermal covering from his cephalium to his pedis.
And his clothes were all tarnished with the products of incomplete combustion.
A bundle of toys he had slung on his dorsal surface,
And he looked like a peddler just opening his pack.
His ocular organs, how they twinkled! His dimples, how merry!
His mela were like the overbred flowers of some cultivar of the genus Rosa, his naris like the fruit of the non-native Prunus avium!
His droll little stoma was drawn up like a bow,
And the pubescence on his antherion was as white as the frozen precipitation.
The stump of a pipe he held tight in his dens,
And the smoke, it encircled his cephalium like a circular arrangement of gymnosperm
branches with Ilex opaca and Phoradendron leucarpum.
He had a broad protome, and a little round abdomen,
That shook when he laughed, like a bowl full of gelatin.
He was chubby and gibbous—a right jolly old elf—
And I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself.
A wink of his ocular organ, and a twist of his cephalium,
Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread.
He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,
And filled all the posterior appendage covers; then turned with a jerk,
And laying his digit aside of his naris,
And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose.
He sprang to his sleigh, to the team gave a whistle,
And away they all flew, like the pappus of the highly invasive Cirsium arvense,
But I heard him exclaim, e’re he drove out of sight,
“Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good night!”
Press Release from Georgia Department of Agriculture
Two additional colonies of Africanized bees have been found in Georgia near the area where a man died from an attack. The colonies were destroyed immediately. Entomological tests confirmed that Africanized honeybees were responsible for the death the elderly Dougherty County man in October. It was the first record of the strain in Georgia.
Since then, the Georgia Department of Agriculture has been monitoring bee swarms, trapping and testing suspect bees. Testing of more than 90 samples identified two more colonies in the southern half of the state near the first confirmed colony.
“It is unclear how Africanized honeybees arrived in Dougherty County,” said Agriculture Commissioner Tommy Irvin. “The bees could have come from almost anywhere.”
Africanized bee swarms are occasionally found on cargo ships coming from South or Central America. A container from one of these ships could have been transported via rail or truck from almost any seaport. Some beekeepers from other states winter their bees in Georgia. Some commercial beekeepers that produce honey or pollinate crops move their bees to California, Florida, Texas and other states where Africanized honeybees are established. Finally, a beekeeper in the area could have purchased bees or queens that had African genes from a commercial beekeeper in another state.
“The important thing to keep in mind,” says Irvin, “is that other states and countries have learned to live with Africanized honeybees. “We need to move beyond the hype of ‘killer bees’. Just as we have learned to live with fire ants, we will learn to take certain precautions when in areas where Africanized bees may be established.”
Both the Georgia Department of Agriculture and the University of Georgia stress that beekeepers are the best defense Georgians have against Africanized honeybees. Without responsible beekeepers managing hives in the area, the density of docile European bees will decrease, leaving that area open to infestation by Africanized bees.
For more information on Africanized bees click here.
To view the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service publication on Africanized honeybees, click here.
According to forestry officials with the Alabama Forestry Commission, two beetles trapped in
The beetle carries a fungus that causes a destructive disease called “laurel wilt.” The fungus moves into the tree, and infects the sapwood. As this fungus spreads, it clogs the vascular system of the tree, causing it to wilt. The infected tree will exhibit wilting foliage that is reddish or purplish in color. Eventually, the entire crown wilts and reddens. In the latter part of the infestation, toothpick-like tubes appear on the trunk of the tree caused by fine sawdust and frass seeping through the entrance holes. If a cross-section of the main stem is viewed, it will show black discoloration of the sapwood. Approximately two weeks after the initial attack, the host tree dies from the disease.
Redbay (Persea borbonia) is the most susceptible tree, but sassafras, camphor and avocado are also known to succumb from laurel wilt disease. Other possible host trees in the
The public can help prevent the spread of the redbay ambrosia beetle and laurel wilt disease by following these simple suggestions:
